In the modern era of digital society, e-governance, powered by chatbots, portals, online grievance redressal and management information systems, has brought the government closer to the citizens. By leveraging technology, the government is redefining and re-engineering the delivery of services in many areas, including employment growth and workers’ social security.
Processes are becoming more efficient, transparent and, above all, citizen-centric. Scheme portals now act as “all-in-one” platforms, facilitating the seamless knowledge flow and benefit mapping across programmes while reducing fraud, manual processes, and administrative burdens. Aadhaar seeding and interlinkage with various schemes prevent beneficiary duplication and ensure the benefits reach the intended recipients on time.
The interlinked portals further empower workers to access and track benefits, explore employment opportunities, and pursue skill training, while also enabling employers to tap into a national talent pool, enabling hiring based on skills and experience. Additionally, these portals contribute to building comprehensive national databases of unorganised workers, job seekers, employers, and employment opportunities, allowing policymakers to make informed, data-backed decisions.
In times of crisis, such as during a pandemic, these databases would prove extremely valuable, allowing for the rapid identification of those in need and ensuring timely support. This digital transformation is streamlining governance, empowering citizens, and enhancing the reach and impact of the welfare efforts. A few examples of these initiatives are discussed here.
The National Career Service (NCS) portal is a notable example of this transformation. Ministry of Labour and Employment’s NCS portal, launched in 2015, has played a crucial role in providing employment-related services to job seekers. With over 5.5 crore job seekers registered on the portal, it serves as a “one-stop platform” that connects job seekers with employment opportunities across the country, providing career counselling, job matching, information on internships, apprenticeships, skill courses, etc.
Earlier, a freshly graduated student from a state university could not have imagined accessing job opportunities nationwide through a mobile phone. Today, with the NCS, one can easily search for jobs nationwide by location, through integration with PM GatiShakti, receive career and job counselling, and even acquire the necessary skills through the Skill India Digital (SID) portal—all on a phone or by attending local job fairs.
Approximately 57,000 job fairs have been organised under the NCS project to date. Further, the NCS portal has been integrated with the SIDH, Udyam, e-Shram, EPFO, ESIC, PM GatiShakti Digi Locker, and others, facilitating greater stakeholder access and efficiency. The portal is also connected with about 30 state and private job portals, broadening access to job opportunities.
Similarly, the Shram Suvidha and Samadhan portals enhance compliance and ease of doing business for industry and trade, ensuring faster resolution of disputes and settlement of claims and workers’ grievances. The ESIC Dhanwantari Module enables hospitals and dispensaries to have better availability of patient records, previous case history, etc., thus ensuring better patient care. These initiatives are a powerful testament to the government’s resolve not to leave anyone behind by leveraging technology to make service provision under various initiatives more accessible, efficient, and transparent for all.
Another aspect of employment is the provision of social security. India is home to a large informal, unorganised sector that offers employment. One of the characteristics of this employment avenue is a lack of written contracts and social security coverage provided by the employer. For these workers, a single incident such as illness, injury, accident, job loss or any other emergency can rapidly shift from security to adversity. Social security by the government is the promise of protection during distress that prevents temporary crises from becoming lifelong hardships.
While the government’s continuous efforts have led to significant progress, extending social security benefits to all remains a key priority area. Until recently, millions of unorganised workers had limited access to and awareness of the benefits of social security schemes available to them. The e-Shram portal addresses this challenge. Unorganised workers now have a unique identification and understanding of the government’s social security schemes. The portal, launched in 2021, has registered over 30.7 crore unorganised workers. The portal acts as a “one-stop solution” for workers by integrating around 13 social security schemes in one place, enabling targeted delivery of benefits, improved access, and scheme saturation.
The Union Budget 2025-26 significantly extended social security to gig workers by facilitating e-Shram registration, providing unique identity cards, and expanding coverage under PM Jan Arogya Yojana. By sharing workers’ details with the states/UTs, the portal enables better planning and implementation of worker welfare programmes at the state level. Furthermore, the portal has been integrated with the NCS, SIDH, PM-SYM, myScheme, DISHA, etc.
This interlinkage allows workers to register once on e-Shram and seamlessly access multiple scheme portals of central and state governments, and benefits, such as awareness of scheme entitlements, track benefits availed across schemes, explore job opportunities, pursue skills training, pensions, and insurance, all in one place. A multilingual facility featuring 22 languages has recently been added to e-Shram by leveraging MEITY’s Bhashini project to enhance accessibility further. State Microsites and Mobile apps have been launched for further operational ease.
These efforts have achieved success, garnered appreciation at home, and have also received recognition globally. According to the latest update in the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) database, India’s social security coverage surged from 19% in 2015 to 64.3% in 2025. India ranks second in terms of beneficiary count, which went up to 94.13 crores.
This is a result of the ongoing exercise of development of the World Social Protection Report (2026 edition) of ILO. The growth reported is a result of the Government’s efforts to include State Social Security Schemes along with the 32 Central sector schemes to compute social security coverage in the country. India became the first country to have reported this development in social security coverage under the ongoing exercise of data pooling for the WSPR 2026 edition.
Parallelly, EPFO, with over 34.6 crore members, has implemented several digital reforms to transform into EPFO 2.0. These reforms improve the accessibility to its members and the ease of doing business for employers. Key initiatives, including introducing the Universal Account Number, creating a centralised database, the e-passbook, the UMANG app, the e-collection of contributions, and the provision of digital life certificates, have enhanced members’ access to benefits. The introduction of the Centralised Pension Payment System under EPFO is set to benefit 77 lakh pensioners with access to pensions from anywhere in the country.
Additionally, the increase in the limit of auto-claim settlement to Rs 1 lakh is expected to impact around 7.5 crore members with faster claim settlements positively. EPFO has also simplified the fund transfer process, benefiting over 1.25 crore members and facilitating the yearly transfer of around Rs 90,000 crores. Through these reforms, the modernisation and digitisation of EPFO are set to increase efficiency and reduce reliance on manual processes, making it easier for both members and employers to navigate the system.
Government policy interventions must be backed by active participation from the industry. A prime example of the industry’s vital role is the e-Shram initiative, where the successful implementation of social security for gig & platform workers relies heavily on the involvement of platform aggregators.
Employers must recognise that creating a safe, secure, and satisfactory workplace, as well as providing social security for workers, is essential for long-term productivity. Additionally, while addressing the social security needs of workers, it is crucial to offer targeted and ongoing support to disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. This support promotes economic and social mobility and helps eliminate barriers that prevent participation in the workforce and the economy.
(The Author is Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India. Courtesy: PIB)
