India’s response to the Pakistan-sponsored terrorist act in Pahalgam— Operation Sindoor, which is still ongoing—signals a tectonic shift in its counterterrorism and military doctrine and posture. In his impassioned speech that resonated across India and reverberated across world capitals, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that a new normal of decisive military action against any act of cross-border terror has been established.
Any country harbouring, funding, and nurturing terrorist infrastructure, integrating it with its own military forces and targeting India for brutal attacks against innocent civilians, will face swift, punitive, and retributive consequences. Calibrated military operations will dismantle terrorist networks not only in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir but also across the International Border into the heart of Pakistan’s Punjab province, regardless of how intertwined state-sponsored terror hubs are with official security structures.
The Sindoor Doctrine, rooted in upholding India’s sovereignty and civilisational ethos, aims to protect its territorial integrity, ensure internal unity, harmony and peace, and keep India on the path of accelerated economic growth to becoming a Viksit Bharat by 2047. It affirms a zero-tolerance stance towards cross-border terrorism and commits India to act decisively in defence of its security interests thus redefined and elaborated.
PM Modi is unequivocal: any act of terror against India is an act of war—no grey areas anymore, no brooking war by other means, no resignation to haemorrhaging by terror. The Prime Minister’s address to the nation and the international community following the operation was more than an affirmation of success. Delivered on the sacred occasion of Buddha Purnima, it unveiled a new strategic grammar—firm, dignified, and grounded in India’s civilisational values.
It conveyed a simple yet resolute message: India believes in peace, but peace must be backed by strength.
At its core, PM Modi’s Sindoor Doctrine asserts three distinct and non-negotiable principles. First, India will engage in no dialogue with those who perpetuate terror; dialogue, when resumed, will be bilateral and address only terrorism and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Second, India unequivocally rejects economic ties with nations supporting terrorism, drawing a firm line between trade and national honour. Finally, India will no longer tolerate nuclear intimidation—Operation Sindoor decisively shattered any illusions that nuclear threats could shield acts of terror.
The choice of the name “Sindoor” carried profound cultural symbolism. Sindoor—the red vermilion worn by married Hindu women—was invoked not as a metaphor of victimhood, but as a symbol of sacred duty and national pride. The terrorists sought to defile this honour; India responded with strength. The personal became political, the cultural became strategic. Also, since the terror attack happened in Kashmir, which is the geographic and metaphoric forehead of Mother India, Operation Sindoor is to safeguard and salute her. India’s response follows a doctrinal lineage.
From Kautilya’s Arthashastra to the Indira Doctrine of the 1980s, Vajpayeeji’s bold nuclear assertion in 1998 through the Pokhran-II tests—which reaffirmed India’s sovereign right to self-defence despite global pressures and sanctions, and established a policy of credible minimum deterrence—to the Modi Doctrine as demonstrated in Uri and Balakot, Indian statecraft has long emphasized the need for sovereign decision making in times of crisis and in matters of vital national security importance.
The Sindoor Doctrine carries this forward, backed by a confident India determined to act independently and robustly in defence of its core interests and the safety and security of its citizens. Geopolitically, the operation has reset regional expectations. Pakistan, accustomed to using nuclear posturing as a shield for terrorism, has been confronted directly. The illusion of impunity is broken.
China, though formally neutral, must contend with its ally’s vulnerability. And global powers—from the United States to Russia—are witnessing India act without waiting for external prompting or endorsement. Other neighbours must now weigh the consequences of their ill will and anti-India actions.
In the last 11 years, India has successfully built up a dense and deep network of bilateral strategic partnerships across many geographies and with major powers. It has engaged in plurilateral and minilateral, regional and interregional cooperation arrangements and is negotiating FTAs. During Operation Sindoor, many strategic and defence relationships of India with major powers and these partnerships went through a trial by fire.
After Pahalgam, it was gratifying that there was universal condemnation of terrorist attacks by our partners. After Pakistan’s escalation in response to Operation Sindoor, however, there were concerns expressed about escalation between nuclear-armed neighbours. Reactions were also coloured by how their weapon systems performed or failed to perform in this military engagement. As we go forward, we must not only choose our strategic partners carefully but also make sure that these partnerships incorporate the Sindoor Doctrine.
This means they must use their influence on Pakistan to dismantle its terror infrastructure and give up terrorism as a state policy, and in the event of our having to use military force to act against Pakistani terrorist-military infrastructure, they must show solidarity with us. No sanctuary for the wicked, no rescue. Importantly, the terror infrastructure India targets is not just a threat to India and its role as a bastion of democracy and an engine of global economic growth and development.
From Pakistan, terrorism is exported globally—towards Europe, the UK, the United States, and beyond. Yet, much of the international community continues to look away, even as UN-designated terror groups operate openly in the terrorist haven that Pakistan was and remains. During Operation Sindoor 1.0, the Defence and Foreign Ministers of Pakistan publicly admitted as much. India, by acting against this hydra-headed monster of terror, has performed a global service.
It stands as a frontline warrior in the fight against international terrorism. The world must be awakened to act and stop drawing moral equivalence between perpetrators of terror and those acting against it—whatever their blinkered, short-term, optical considerations may be. The economic dimension of the Sindoor Doctrine also carries significant weight. By clearly stating “no trade with terror,” India has operationalised economic tools in service of national security.
Actions such as the suspension of trade and treaties like the Indus Waters Treaty underline India’s resolve to ensure economic relations align firmly with national security objectives. These measures send a clear message: economic engagement must follow, not precede, the elimination of terror.
Blood and water cannot flow together is the existential message. A powerful gender narrative reinforces the operation’s message and puts it in the spotlight: the role of women in India’s national security framework. Two female officers prominently leading briefings after the operation symbolised the rising importance of women in India’s defence landscape. This moment of “Nari Shakti” (women’s empowerment) reinforced India’s civilisational respect for women, echoing historical examples from Rani Lakshmibai to contemporary female military leaders, thereby intertwining national pride with gender inclusivity.
India’s military strength is increasingly bolstered by home-grown innovation. While some foreign systems were used, the successful deployment of indigenous missiles, drones, and surveillance platforms highlights the operational maturity of Atmanirbharta in defence. It enhances our export thrust and demand. We also tested weapon systems we have imported and co-produced in India vis-à-vis those used by Pakistan, and these have reaffirmed the right choices we made. Operation Sindoor makes clear that India does not seek validation—it seeks justice.
Indian restraint must never be mistaken for weakness. The Sindoor Doctrine is not merely reactive; it is a proactive assertion of doctrinal clarity. The life, dignity, wellbeing, and honour of India’s people—especially its women—are non-negotiable. This is where national security meets national honour. This is where ancient values meet modern strength. And this is where India stands—unafraid, unbowed, and united.
Jai Hind.
(The Author is former Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Deputy Executive Director of UN Women; and a former Ambassador of India. Courtesy: PIB)
