Climate change endangers Wetlands, threatening migratory bird habitats

Srinagar, Jan 29: Kashmir’s wetlands, once vital ecosystems, are increasingly under threat due to a prolonged dry spell and the impacts of climate change. These challenges have led to significant damage to the valley’s fragile wetland habitats, prompting concerns among environmentalists, local communities, and wildlife officials. As a result, the valley faces the loss of a crucial natural resource that sustains both wildlife and agriculture.
Hokersar, widely known as the “Avian Airport” for its importance as a stopover for migratory birds, is one of the wetlands affected. Each year, thousands of birds pass through this wetland during their migration. However, ongoing dry conditions and shifting climate patterns are putting this vital sanctuary at risk.
An environmental expert estimates that “55 square kilometers of wetland have vanished,” primarily due to prolonged drought conditions, reduced rainfall, and rising temperatures. Consequently, water levels in these wetlands have dropped significantly, leading to a marked decline in bird populations that once flocked to the valley.
The situation mirrors global climate reports, which indicate that the last decade has been the hottest on record. Kashmir is no exception, with extended drought periods further exacerbating the issue by reducing the flow of rivers that feed into the wetlands. The United Nations’ climate reports have flagged this as a critical concern for the region’s ecological future.
Srinagar’s Wildlife Warden, Altaf Ahmad, told Rising Kashmir that wetlands require a minimum water level, especially in winter, to support migratory birds. These wetlands provide a unique environment—combining marshes, dryness, and water—that is essential for these birds. While water scarcity is increasing, the authorities have ensured that the minimum water levels necessary for migratory birds are maintained, particularly in key wetlands like Hokersar. “The water in wetlands doesn’t flow like a river; it stays in a bowl-like structure, which helps retain it longer,” he explained. Despite the dry spell and reduced groundwater discharge, wetlands are holding up well.
In Hokersar, for example, gates have been installed with the help of the irrigation department to regulate water levels. “Currently, it’s at the best level in the last 5-10 years,” Ahmad said. However, challenges persist, particularly with plastic waste entering the wetlands through nearby streams.
Streams like the Jhelum in Wular and the Dhood Ganga Canal in Hokersar pass through populated areas, carrying significant amounts of solid waste. To address this, authorities have implemented several measures, including steel trash barriers, manual waste removal, and floating trash barriers. “These interventions help clean the wetlands and protect the ecosystem that supports migratory birds. While maintaining water levels for wildlife is a priority, managing waste remains a critical task,” Ahmad added.