AWARENESS
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus responsible for causing acute respiratory infections in people of all ages, but especially in children, older individuals, and people with weakened immune systems (e.g., people with HIV infection or cancer).
Human metapneumovirus was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001. It is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, which also includes other respiratory viruses like the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the United States, HMPV is more likely to circulate during late winter and early spring when other respiratory illnesses, such as RSV and the flu, are common.
What signs and symptoms does human metapneumovirus infection cause?
Signs and symptoms of human metapneumovirus infection typically begin after 3 to 6 days of coming in contact with the virus and include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and coughing. If the infection becomes more severe, it can lead to difficulty breathing, wheezing, and fever. This is more common in young children, older individuals, and people with weakened immune systems, where HMPV can cause more severe infections, such as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia. In people with a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HMPV infection may also result in acute exacerbations.
How is a human metapneumovirus infection diagnosed?
Diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus is based on the medical history and a physical exam. Although further testing is often not needed since the resultant infection is typically self-limiting, additional tests may help identify the source of infection. Diagnostic testing for HMPV by swabbing epithelial cells in the nasopharynx and looking for the presence of viral antigens can be completed. Alternatively, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be used to determine the specific virus causing the infection.
Here’s the safety checklist to follow:
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or handkerchief when coughing or sneezing.
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Avoid crowded places, especially if feeling unwell, and limit close contact with others.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
- Do not self-medicate.
- Stay home if you have a fever, cough, or are sneezing.
- Adequate ventilation with outdoor air is recommended.
What to avoid for safety:
- Reusing tissue paper or handkerchief.
- Close contact with sick people.
- Frequent touching of eyes, nose, and mouth.
- Spitting in public places.
Epidemiology of HMPV
- Global distribution: HMPV is a global pathogen, with cases reported in many countries.
- Seasonality: HMPV infection exhibits a seasonal pattern, with most cases occurring during the winter and spring months.
- Age distribution: HMPV infection affects people of all ages, although older adults and young children are at increased risk of severe disease.
Current Situation in India
On January 6, 2025, India reported its first three cases of HMPV —two in Karnataka and one in Gujarat—all detected in children. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the two cases in Karnataka were identified during routine surveillance for respiratory viral pathogens. While the cases are concerning, the Union Health Ministry has informed the public that India is well-equipped to handle respiratory infections. Surveillance mechanisms indicate no unusual surge in cases so far. Nevertheless, vigilance remains key. Parents and caregivers, especially, should stay informed about HMPV to protect children and other vulnerable individuals.
As we face the rising challenge of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, Government Medical College Baramulla stands united and prepared to combat this respiratory virus. Our institution is committed to ensuring the health and safety of our community through proactive measures, education, and support.
Our Action Plan
- Awareness Campaigns: We will conduct informative sessions to educate students and staff about HMPV, its symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures.
- Hygiene Protocols: Strict hygiene protocols will be enforced across the campus, including frequent hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, and regular disinfection of high-touch surfaces.
- Health checkups: Regular health checkups will be conducted to identify and isolate any cases of HMPV promptly. Anyone exhibiting symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.
- Vaccination Drives: While there is currently no vaccine for HMPV, we encourage everyone to stay updated with their flu and other relevant vaccinations to reduce the overall burden of respiratory illnesses.
- Support and Resources: Our medical team is available to provide support and guidance.
Together, We Can Make a Difference
(The Author is in charge Media cell GMC Baramulla)
