Introduction
Obesity is emerging as a global public health concern. It is defined as an excess of body fat and is typically measured by body mass index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters — a BMI of 25 or higher is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese. Obesity is not just a cosmetic problem, but a chronic disease and major risk factor that can lead to serious health consequences, if left untreated.
Causes of Obesity
Obesity can be caused by a variety of factors, including hereditary, lifestyle changes, hormonal problems, and certain medications. Firstly, obesity can run in families, and research suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the development of the disease. Moreover, studies have shown that people with a family history of obesity are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.
Secondly, a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits can contribute to weight gain and the development of obesity. Many people consume more calories than they need, and do not engage in enough physical activity to burn them off.
Thirdly, hormonal imbalances can also contribute to the development of obesity. For example, people with hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland) may have difficulty losing weight despite making lifestyle changes. Additionally, people with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have difficulty losing weight and may be at a higher risk of obesity.
Fourthly, certain medications can cause weight gain, such as certain antidepressants and anti-seizure medications. It is important to discuss with one’s doctor about the potential side effects of any medication one is taking.
Implications of Obesity
Obesity can have a wide range of negative impacts on the body. Some of the most common health problems associated with fat people includes:
- High blood pressure — obesity can cause an increase in blood pressure, which can put a person at risk of heart disease and stroke.
- High cholesterol — obesity can cause an increase in cholesterol levels, which can put a person at risk of heart disease.
- Diabetes — Obese people have a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which can cause serious health problems if left untreated.
- Metabolic syndrome — a group of conditions that occur together, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, are known as metabolic syndrome. This syndrome can contribute to fatty liver disease, an increased risk of stroke and heart attack, and other health problems.
- Infertility and PCOS Issues in Women — obesity can also cause infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. PCOS is a condition that affects the ovaries and can lead to irregular periods, difficulty getting pregnant and other health problems.
- Obesity Can Lead to Cancers — obesity can increase the risk of several types of cancer, including breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer.
- Obesity Impairs the Quality of Life –obesity can also have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life. The extra weight can cause joint pain, particularly in the hips, knees, and ankles. This can make it difficult for people to engage in physical activity, which can further exacerbate their weight problems. Additionally, obesity can lead to a lack of self-esteem and self-confidence, which can affect a person’s mental well-being.
Management of Obesity
Managing obesity is a complex process that requires a multifaceted approach. There are several options for managing obesity, including lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery.
- Lifestyle Changes — lifestyle changes are the foundation of obesity management. This includes adopting a healthy diet and regular physical activity. A healthy diet should include a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and should be low in sugar, saturated fats, carbohydrates and processed foods. High carbohydrate diet should be avoided and more proteins should be consumed, which can include foods such as fish, poultry, and lean meats. Regular physical activity helps to burn calories and improves overall health. Every person should engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic exercise per week. A moderate walk of almost 30 minutes daily would also suffice in keeping one healthy.
- Medication — medications can be used in conjunction with lifestyle changes to manage obesity. There are several medications approved for the treatment of obesity. However, medications should be taken only as per one’s doctor prescription. Moreover, it is important to note that medications should not be used as a replacement for lifestyle changes, but rather as a supplement to them.
- Surgery — surgery is an option for people with severe obesity who have been unable to achieve weight loss through lifestyle changes and medication. Surgery is a serious decision and should only be considered after a thorough evaluation by a weight loss specialist.
Conclusion
Obesity is a complex disease that can be caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and hormonal imbalances. While lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, can be effective in treating obesity, however it also needs proper treatment and management plan with certain anti-obesity medications. Being overweight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke and young people in particular may be at a higher risk of complications. Therefore, it is advised to take steps to lose weight and improve one’s overall health.
(Author is Diabetes Expert and Medical Writer. Feedback: [email protected])
