As the winter season grips the Kashmir Valley, prevalent cold weather conditions lead to a rise in several health issues including heart attacks, asthma and viral infections such as cough, fever, influenza, other respiratory problems. To know about the preventive measures and cure, Rising Kashmir’s Umar Raina speaks with Dr. Naveed Nazir Shah, Head of the Department at Chest Diseases Hospital Srinagar, who talks about the way out to combat the winter-related health issues.
As the winter months set in, respiratory problems such as cough go viral across Kashmir. Could you brief us about this phenomenon?
Absolutely. The winter months in Kashmir bring several health challenges, particularly respiratory issues. The drop in temperature significantly affects our respiratory system, especially in those with pre-existing conditions such as asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), or chronic bronchitis. The cold air irritates the airways, causing them to narrow, which can lead to exacerbations of these conditions. Additionally, the spread of viral infections like influenza and seasonal cough increases due to the cold weather, as people spend more time indoors in close proximity. This facilitates the transmission of respiratory viruses.
You mentioned that heart attacks and strokes also become more prevalent during winter. Why so?
The risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, rises significantly in winter due to several factors. Cold weather causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to increased blood pressure and making the heart work harder. Additionally, the cold stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, causing the release of stress hormones that further raise blood pressure and heart rate. Physical exertion in cold weather, such as shoveling snow, can also strain the heart, especially in individuals with underlying heart conditions.
Moreover, dehydration can thicken the blood, increasing the likelihood of clot formation, which could result in strokes. People should take extra precautions, such as staying warm and avoiding sudden exposure to cold temperatures.
What is Tuberculosis (TB), and does its incidence increase in winter?
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can affect individuals regardless of the season. It is not caused by cold weather but may become more noticeable in winter due to weaker immunity or closer contact in confined spaces.
With respiratory problems being a significant concern, what preventive measures would you recommend ?
Preventive measures are crucial in combating winter-related respiratory problems. Here are some key steps:
1. Vaccination: Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections, especially if you belong to high-risk groups like the elderly, children, or those with chronic diseases.
2. Avoid cold air exposure: Use scarves or masks to cover your nose and mouth when going out, as this helps warm the air before it reaches your lungs.
3. Stay warm indoors: Ensure proper heating and ventilation to maintain an optimal indoor temperature.
4. Hygiene practices: Practice frequent handwashing and avoid close contact with infected individuals to reduce the spread of viruses.
5. Healthy diet: Consume warm fluids and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to boost immunity.
Rising Kashmir: In rural areas, where traditional heating methods like bukharis (woodstoves) are widely used, what advice would you give to avoid respiratory issues caused by indoor air pollution?
Dr. Naveed Nazir Shah: Indoor air pollution is indeed a significant issue, particularly in areas where bukharis or coal-based heaters are used. These produce harmful smoke and particulate matter that can worsen respiratory conditions. My advice includes:
1. Proper ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation in rooms where such heating devices are used to allow the smoke to escape.
2. Switch to cleaner options: Where possible, use cleaner energy sources like electric or gas heaters.
3. Regular cleaning: Keep chimneys and flues clean to prevent smoke from accumulating indoors.
- Limit exposure: Avoid sitting too close to the heating source and spend time in well-ventilated areas whenever possible.
How can people distinguish between seasonal flu and more severe respiratory conditions that might require immediate medical attention?
While seasonal flu typically includes symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches, certain warning signs indicate a more severe condition requiring immediate medical attention. These include:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Persistent chest pain or pressure.
High fever that doesn’t respond to medication.
Bluish lips or face, indicating low oxygen levels. Sudden confusion or inability to stay awake.
If any of these symptoms occur, it’s crucial to seek medical care promptly.
Any general advice for the public to stay healthy during the harsh winter months?
My advice is simple yet effective:
1. Stay warm and hydrated. Even in cold weather, drinking adequate water is essential.
2. Layer up properly. Wear thermal clothing to protect yourself from the freezing temperatures.
3. Exercise indoors. Staying physically active improves circulation and overall health.
4. Avoid smoking. This is particularly important in winter, as smoking further irritates the airways.
5. Seek timely medical care. Don’t ignore symptoms of respiratory or cardiac problems. Early intervention can save lives.
When should antibiotics be used? Do they work in viral infections?
Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. If a person has symptoms like cold, cough, or fever, antibiotics will not be effective. They should only be used when an infection is confirmed to be bacterial, and even then, they must be taken strictly under a doctor’s guidance, whether in tablet or injection form.
