Sialendoscopy is an innovative technique used for the treatment of salivary gland duct stones, medically known as Sialolithiasis. This condition is a common cause of benign swelling in the salivary glands, with an incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 30,000 individuals. Traditionally, the treatment for symptomatic salivary gland duct stones involved the excision of the entire salivary gland through an external incision. However, this approach had several drawbacks, including the removal of a functional but obstructed salivary gland, potential injury to vital nerves, and the development of scars on the face or neck.
The Sialendoscopy Technique
Sialendoscopy has been developed as a technique to overcome the limitations of traditional treatment methods. In this procedure, a tiny endoscope or camera is inserted into the salivary duct through the oral cavity, allowing visualization of the stone. For smaller stones measuring less than 4mm, retrieval can be done through the duct itself without the need for any incision. Larger stones may require the use of lithotripsy externally or laser treatment internally to break the stone into fragments for retrieval. Alternatively, a sialendoscopy-guided combined approach technique can be employed, where an incision is made inside the oral cavity, and the stone is retrieved. Both methods avoid the traditional approach of salivary gland removal, preserving the functionality of the gland and preventing external scar formation.
Procedure and Recovery
Sialendoscopy can be performed under general or local anesthesia in the operating theatre or as an office procedure in the clinician’s outpatient department. The recovery time after the procedure is minimal, and post-procedure pain is typically well-tolerated. Hospital stays are brief, allowing patients to return home soon after the procedure. Complications associated with sialendoscopy are minimal, with temporary swelling of the gland being the most common. In rare cases, strictures or constriction of the duct may occur post-procedure. To prevent this, a stent may be temporarily placed in the duct, and once the inflammation subsides, it is removed within a couple of weeks. Nerve injuries are also rare but can occur in the combined approach technique. However, an experienced and meticulous surgeon can minimize the risk of such complications.
Benefits of Sialendoscopy
Sialendoscopy offers several advantages over traditional treatment methods for salivary gland duct stones. The preservation of the salivary gland allows for continued production and secretion of saliva, preventing the dry mouth commonly associated with gland removal. The absence of external scars contributes to improved cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. The procedure can be performed in an outpatient setting, reducing the need for hospitalization and minimizing healthcare costs. Additionally, the minimal recovery time and post-procedure pain make sialendoscopy a convenient and patient-friendly option.
Sialendoscopy is a useful technique for the treatment of salivary gland duct stones. By avoiding the need for salivary gland removal and external scars, it offers patients a gland-preserving approach with excellent cosmetic outcomes. The procedure can be performed under local or general anaesthesia, allowing for flexibility in the treatment setting. Although complications are rare, temporary swelling and, in rare cases, strictures or nerve injuries can occur. Nonetheless, sialendoscopy has revolutionised the management of salivary gland duct stones and continues to be a promising option for patients worldwide.
(Dr. Sumit Mrig is Associate Director and Head, ENT, Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi)
